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AMERICAN FORUM HEALTH OBSERVATORIES

Once the Ibero-American Forum on Health Observatories OSPC been systematized in a first report the characteristics of the participating observatories, the thematic working groups and the assessment of space Forum and proposals for monitoring.

In the same report systematic reviews have been provided by participants through the evaluation questionnaire and monitoring the dissemination of the Forum in the media.

We offer you the first part of the material processed in: http://www.ospc.es/Contenido/DirectoriosFrw.aspx (folder 00 Forum) Here are the presentations, the evaluation report, some materials sent by observatories, the welcome video and the expected photos.

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Progress on American Forum for Health Observatories. Ibero

OSPC Organization
24 to 26 November Palacio de la Magdalena

Santander, Spain


(Click on photo to view program)



The event will bring together eighteen Observatories Latin America, Portugal and Spain and the participation of representatives of the World Health Organization and UNFPA .

During the morning of 24, 25 and 26, sessions are aimed at personal Health Observatories. It will address technical issues such as policy areas and political circumstances, research methodologies and analysis of health inequalities and strategic issues on links, support and collaboration.

afternoons 16-18hrs open sessions to all interested persons. The Monday 24 address the issue of Opportunities and Challenges of the observatories and the impact on health policy and gender . While Tuesday 25 the session will focus on the dissemination and production information observatories themselves generate. In promoting the participation and citizenship as well as the impact of the strategies developed.

Before the event are invited to participate in space built for the Forum where you can make us your comments. Also

faciliatamos Observatories and the list of participating agencies to boost awareness among institutions.

Portugal: Observatório

Systems Português de Saúde

Spain:

Public Health Observatory Cantabria
Observatory Women's Health Inequalities Monitoring

Observatory Public Health
Barcelona Centre for Occupational Health
Health Observatory Castilla-La Mancha
Observatory Public Policy and Health
Health Observatory in Europe

Latin America:

Health Observatory, Gender and Human Rights (Argentina)
Centre for Reproductive Health in Argentina (Argentina)
Consortium National Reproductive and Sexual Rights condense (Argentina)
Observatory of Gender Equity in Health (Chile)
Regional Centre for Equity in Health by Gender and Pueblo Mapuche (Chile) Observatory
Public Health Santander (Colombia)
Nicaraguan Health Centre for Women (Nicaragua)
Health Observatory (Peru)
Observatory on Gender and Sexual and Reproductive Health (Uruguay)

multilateral organizations:

World Health Organization - WHO
United Nations Population Fund - UNFPA

Gretchen Rossi Monokini In Her Introduction

Health Observatories Blog

The Public Health Observatory Cantabria (OSPC) is organizing a Latin American Forum Health Observatories focused on the analysis and reducing health inequalities to be held from 24 to 26 November at the Palacio de la Magdalena de Santander . This initiative takes the form of meeting professionals to share experiences and plan actions in the network, you as a partner and co-sponsor the Centre for Women's Health (OSM), Ministry of Health, and meet at 18 observatories Latin America, Portugal and Spain.

The Forum aims to promote and contribute to social debate, professional and academic at the regional, national and international health inequalities related to gender, age, socioeconomic class, origin and culture or ethnicity. In addition, people representatives and research of each participating observatory share best practices, lessons learned, experiences, research results, methodologies and tools. During the Forum will reflect on the impact of the action of the observatories participating in the health policies in their regions and countries, and its contribution to the debate both nationally and internationally.

This Forum represents an important opportunity to promote the development of research into inequalities in health from a gender, class, multiculturalism, and to promote collaboration between observatories.

The results of the work of the observatories and the Forum will be disseminated through this blog as well as regional media and state print and electronic publications for international reporting.

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informative presentation

The Public Health Observatory opens its Blog Cantabria in order to disseminate relevant information to various audiences that make up the Public Health, the various professional groups, associations and citizens in general, about the actions of OSPC and associates, and interest in health issues with special emphasis on attention to inequalities in health.

The Public Health Observatory Cantabria (OSPC) is a participatory body of research, analysis and information on the public health situation of Cantabria, created in late 2006 through the Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla and under the Directorate General of Public Health of the Ministry of Health . The development of OSPC project was launched in late September 2006, establishing in 2007 a Board of Directors and an Advisory Committee, and developing the Action Plan 2007-2010. The plan was approved by the Board of Directors met in full in the Board of FMDV of April 4, 2007, presenting to the public on May 9, 2007.

Observatory on a concept of health as a human right and its mission is to help achieve the highest degree of physical, mental and social of the population, ensuring equity in health, ie, equality in access to information and health services with gender perspective and special attention to the various age groups and ethnic diversity, socio-economic and cultural life of the population.

The purpose is to generate information relevant to managers, researchers, health professionals and the public to improve policies, programs and health services that respond equitable and efficient health needs of the population and contribute to reducing health inequalities in Cantabria.

For more information see website www.ospc.es

In this first edition of our Blog are some of the activities that are shipped on OSPC and work other collaborating institutions. And bring to light an issue of concern to which he is putting increasing interest and emphasis in some Autonomous Communities, State and European level, rare diseases. Also inform the Latin American Forum Observatories Health, organized by the OSPC in collaboration with the Centre for Women's Health, the Ministry of Health to be held in the Palacio de la Magdalena in Santander from 24 to 26 November 2008.

appreciate all the comments on this blog that can contribute to its improvement, making use of interactive communication that allows the blog.

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OSPC OSPC

OSPC The team consists of four people who may be in the picture.

From left to right we find:

-Dolores Prieto, superior technical degree in Medicine and Surgery UNICAN. PhD in Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.

-Angeles Cabria: OSPC Director of Nursing and Master degree in Public Health from the University of California at Berkeley.

-Oscar Perez: Senior technician degree in Sociology from the University of Salamanca and a Masters in PRL.

-Ana Pérez: superior technical degree in Sociology from the University of Buenos Aires and a Masters in Gender and Development.

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Study Team inequalities in access and care services utlizacion specialized

Made by the OSPC in collaboration with the Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Humvees, and e Psychiatry Research Unit of the Hospital. To this has been supported by Grant for Health and Gender Research granted by the Institute for Training and Research Marqués de Valdecilla. This study focuses on the differences and potential inequalities by sex, age, social class, and origin (both rural and urban, and country of birth), the use of hospital emergency departments and the Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla Santander during the period 2002-2006. The information comes from the exploitation of corporate databases Humvees. The implementation of this study was a major challenge because it is the first time you have used all available information in the databases of the Hospital with research purposes.

The results of the study will be presented at the XXVI Scientific Meeting of the English Epidemiology Society to be held in Girona from 14 to 17 October 2008. You will soon be presented to the public in Cantabria. To the Bulletin included the analysis on the use of the Emergency Department of Hospital Valdecilla of foreigners in Cantabria. Coming full Report will be posted on this blog.

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Cantabria Analysis of the social determinants of health and access to health services in the immigrant population in Cantabria Cantabrian

The OSPC is conducting a ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES OF THE IMMIGRANT POPULATION IN CANTABRIA on data collected through 2007, in coordination with the Directorate General of Public Health and Health Service of Cantabria.

This study consists of two components . On the one hand and given the lack of systematic information on the profiles of the diversity of the foreign population in Cantabria, as well as specific health status and access to services on the basis of gender, socioeconomic class and ethnic-cultural origin, we consider must begin by making a descriptive analysis sociodemographic and health. The purpose of it is to provide us with useful information about social determinants of health such as education, work and housing, among others, and we can identify some specific needs in collective health of the immigrant population in Cantabria. Specifically, this study intends to:

• Identify existing information sources and their possibilities and limitations in the availability of data on the health of the immigrant population and their access to health services.
  
• Gather and accessible information on the various social factors that determine health status and quality of life of the immigrant population in Cantabria.
  

The report will draw in the first module information on legislation on the right to health and access to Individual Health Insurance Card of the foreign population in the English State and the Autonomous Community of Cantabria. Also provide demographic information the presence and evolution of the foreign population and access to the card Individual Health in Cantabria.

also in the use of services of urgency and hospitalization, the report will present results of the study of the information contained OSPC in corporate databases Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. [1]

In sum, this study is allowing us to identify and systematize the difficulties and limitations faced in collecting data, and propose concrete recommendations and actions for improvement.

The second component is a qualitative study from the approach of social research with two sect pray population and two lines of analysis : first c on the associative , key informants from various institutions and immigrants living in Cantabria in terms of perceptions and concerns on health and living conditions of the various immigrant groups living in Cantabria. On the other with health professionals and non health Primary Care Health Service Cantabria, in terms of their knowledge, attitudes and practices . [2]

During the fieldwork have been conducted interviews and focus groups with associations that provide services to the immigrant population, immigrant associations (different countries) and not associated with women migrant workers, as well as with trade unions several key informants institutions and administration. This qualitative study allows us to visualize the areas of interest, concern and health needs of the immigrant population as well as their suggestions for improvement.

Moreover, the professional study therefore seeks to investigate the perceptions and interpretations of different groups of health workers and primary care manager (AP) and specialized in terms of challenges and needs faced in caring the immigrants who use the system and analyze their suggestions and make recommendations to ensure system quality equitable services to the diverse population of Cantabria.

Fieldwork for data collection in primary care was conducted in coordination with the two managements (GAP 1 and GAP Laredo Santander-Torrelavega-Reinosa 2). This experience has involved integrating the different professional teams: coordinating center staff, medical staff, nurses, midwives, social workers, psychologists and administrative support staff. Field work in the Specialty Care will be held at the Hospital of Sierrallana of Torrelavega.

The study results will be announced in early 2009.

______________________

[1] Study of inequalities in access and utilization of specialty care services cantabria from the perspective of gender, May 2008, funded by the Research and Training Institute Marqués de Valdecilla.
[2] external collaboration with the researcher Fernando Conde in 2008

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research study on health services and Galician and Spanish new

David Cantarero researchers [1] and Marta Pascual [2] School of Economics, University de Cantabria been published alongside Bruno Berta Rivera, and Casal, University of A Coruña an article on "Adaptation health services to the specific characteristics and use of the new English [3] " published on 22 April in 2008 SESPAS Report [4] .

That article states that the migration process in Spain is one of the factors that have contributed to the social restructuring (both demographic and economic, social etc.) Which directly affects the ability to integrate the immigrant population all areas of the country.

The authors indicate that in Spain, in the last ten years have seen a steady increase in the number of foreigners accounting for almost 10% of the population according to provisional data of the census of 2007. These figures indicate the magnitude of the phenomenon to be addressed and forces us to reflect on the adaptation of our welfare system to the new changes. Specifically, the Health System is one of the most important pieces of the puzzle of key basic services and in assessing the needs of the population.

Also the paper highlights the process of arrival of foreigners has been intense but short on time and the beginning of studies on health of these groups of people that started not long ago. Today it boasts diversity outstanding sources for health studies, both quantitative and qualitative, but surveys are the most commonly used health. These health surveys (National Health Survey, European Survey of Income and Living Panels and Household Panel European Union), according to the authors, we measure the health status, utilization of health resources , degree of access to health care and other variables. From this information you can get an idea of \u200b\u200bthe health of immigrants and integration in their health system. Certain limitations due to the low representation that they have even in polls.

With current data, the authors to a series of important results to consider:

• health of people with a migration process in your life experience requires a dynamic analysis which incorporates the health history and factors at each stage of the process exert a greater influence migration.
• There is less frequency of health services by the immigrant population, which is attributed to the existence of a number of barriers to accessing and complicate the social and economic integration, helping to increase health vulnerability.
• profiles counted in the surveys show a foreign population composed of working people with higher educational levels than those of the host society.

From the knowledge of the situation, the authors present the need to articulate and implement a series of measures in health to correct the imbalances that occur in the host society with the arrival of new people, and with them, new demands.

1. The study of the health history of the immigrant population, its determinants and the degree of access and use of health resources must be based on comprehensive databases, reliable and comparable, having the minimum sample size make inferences and comparisons domestic and foreign population and among subgroups of immigrants. Would be important for surveys to capture data that immigrants differ depending on the reasons behind the decision to start the migration process: migration for economic reasons (usually from poor countries), retirement (high-income countries), political causes , etc.
2. The existence of social and economic deficiencies resulting in increased vulnerability to health problems and limitations on access and use of health resources. It will be necessary to implement measures for social inclusion and improving the living conditions of the immigrant most disadvantaged, to correct some of these imbalances and help maintain an optimal path of health.
3. regard to the national population, the lowest frequency of health services in the immigrant population is more due to the presence of good health than to the existence of barriers to access to them. However, without undertaking radical restructuring isolated or develop specific services to the health care group of new population will require interventions aimed at reducing barriers to access and targeted use of resources.
4. exposure to new behaviors, health risks and limitations resulting in the need to activate preventive measures and programs for specific health promotion for groups of immigrants who have a lower residence time in the country and have significant socio-economic shortcomings. The main objective of this series of measures to maintain positive selection in health and reduce the frequency of chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, disorders of the device.

Circulatory, cancer, etc.).. Based on the available evidence on attendance and health care utilization, population groups that require specific actions in prevention and health promotion are the group of mothers and immigrant children.

The findings and conclusions of this study are highly relevant to both managers and health professionals to the general population, and contribute to increased knowledge and crumble some myths regarding health behavior and frequency of health services in the immigrant population. And proposes key actions to ensure quality health care to the new country's population profile. ______________________



[1] Dean of the Faculty of Economics and a member of the Advisory Committee OSPC.
[2] Professor of the Faculty of Economics.
[3] Authors: Berta Rivera-School of Health Administration Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña Spain, "Bruno Casal, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain"; David Cantarero and Marta Pascual University Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
[4] SESPAS Report 2008: Improving the effectiveness of public health interventions. Ed Beatriz González López-Valcárcel, Herández Aguado Ildefonso, Ricard Meneu of Guillerna, Rosa María Urbanos Garrido and Maria Luisa Vázquez Navarrete

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the deserved attention to rare diseases

Rare diseases [1] , Also called minority orphan, rare, rare, or low prevalence are diseases that have a low frequency and rarely appear in the population. To be considered rare, each specific disease can only affect a limited number of the total population, as defined in Europe as less than 1 per 2,000 persons (EC Regulation on Orphan Medicinal Products). So given its rarity, was chosen this year for the first time a rare day as February 29 to spend with rare diseases, "a unique day for unique people" as goes the slogan of the campaign.

Although no one has been able to count all rare diseases exist, their number is shuffled between 5,000 and 8,000, depending on the source, of which between 75 and 80% (also depending on the source) are of genetic origin affecting children. In terms of Spain speaks about 3 million people, 30 million if we talk about all the European Union, and generally 7% of world population.

Most neighboring countries, among which are France, Denmark, England, Italy and Portugal, have developed action plans and information systems to improve the situation of these patients. The federations of these and other countries, including the English Federation Rare Diseases ( ERDF), are integrated into a network, the European Union Organization for Rare Diseases ( EURORDIS ) which is the largest federation of federations of European Union countries. Thanks to the intervention of the European Parliament EURORDIS is promoting research on these diseases. The Seventh Framework Programme of the European Union considered rare diseases as a priority in their actions , placing more emphasis on the work of European research networks created in the previous Framework Programmes, V and VI.

In Spain the focus on rare diseases is relatively new and currently not There is even a system of epidemiological surveillance of these diseases. The diversity of rare diseases, their low prevalence and heterogeneity of the same does not allow comprehensive monitoring of all of them or the plurality of sites and types of care they receive (from primary care centers to hospitals, to specialized centers for rare diseases, through family doctors, pediatricians, specialists, etc.) besides making it difficult to identify and locate. The creation of a network so as to identify epidemiological and have enough patients to conduct research that are representative of the population, is deemed essential to advance knowledge of the natural history of these diseases and the recognition of their specificity in order to facilitate early diagnosis.

Moreover, the difficulty in diagnosing rare diseases may cause a delay in seeking help and a worsening in the situation of patients, and many of them involving disabilities of all kinds, with some very severe as well as situations of dependency, both the health and medical field in its broadest sense. It is therefore necessary to assess the needs and the evolution of these patients within the health system and their families, with special attention social determinants of their quality of life.

Proper attention to rare disease involves a multidisciplinary approach involving clinical research teams, genetics, pathophysiology, treatment and social and human sciences, as well as the optimal use of existing technology.

Since early 2008 is underway preparing the National Strategy Rare Diseases National Health System, involving the Ministry of Health, scientific societies and patient organizations, in order to address Overall the problems and needs experienced by over three million of people living in Spain. According to Health Minister, Bernat Soria, the Strategy for Rare Diseases of the NHS will give priority to early diagnosis of these diseases, training of professionals in all levels of care and research, investing in the area of \u200b\u200borphan drugs. Also, be taken into account the initiatives being carried out by the Autonomous Communities, the experience developed by the Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases and the Institute for Rare Diseases and the paper approved by the Senate of Spain and European experiences.

So far, the pioneer in our community country has been Andalusia last October presented its Comprehensive Plan Rare Diseases 2008-2012. Moreover, Extremadura is working on a plan for the autonomous region in line waiting Andalusian plan to have ready for early 2009.

In Cantabria, the COCEMFE Health Commission, which brings together associations of patients with rare diseases were developed in 2004 a report based on a questionnaire issued to member associations, which reflects the needs and demands of these groups of patients .

In 2008, the OSPC held a panel discussion with the associations which have COCEMFE Main drew the following common needs :

• Training and Information to families or
  teachers are needed: to find awareness among parents and families about the importance of their participation. Help them understand this disease and give them ideas of how to support the process.
  or The children need support for schooling -to-school and in the relationship with their parents.

• Training for primary care professionals
• Let there be a screening test Cantabria neonatal
  
• Increase physical therapy services for chronic patients.

• Leads to reference centers : They propose to develop a reference guide resource centers available across territories according to types of diseases.
  
• mostly psychological assistance to help take the disease to patients of all degenerative diseases.

• Coordination Professional / Institutional : You have to be coordinated among practitioners Cantabria Health Service and Associations with patient consent, to create a multidisciplinary approach and avoid duplication.

• Regarding services, physiotherapy Valdecilla Hospital -: It is recognized and appreciated the professional quality but are critical times and the distribution of sessions, once a week, as well as overloading the service.

• They claim the right to genetic analysis . The information that genetic testing for patients and their families is a right, because from that knowledge must take the decisions (for example, have children or not.)

• Research: the notion that there is little research on rare diseases is because the laboratories do not care. For this reason, the promotion of research should be a focus area of \u200b\u200bpublic institutions. People focus group participants said they felt neglected and lonely in their autonomous community. Wish to participate in studies and research to help improve knowledge about their disease).
  
  associations of patients with rare diseases have indicated their desire that the OSPC may be a new space from which to express their health concerns and participate in the proposed solutions.

_______________________ [1] Prepared by OSPC based on press reports and notes on policies and action plans at regional, national and European as well as the opinions from the Committee on Health COCEMFE , which brings together associations patients with rare diseases, and interviews with researchers in the field. We appreciate the information received from the people who make up the Health Commission and researchers COCEMFE: Domingo Gonzalez-Lamuño , pediatric research in rare diseases, Medical Assistant-Associate Professor of Pediatrics Unit Nephrology-Metabolism Division of Pediatrics, Hospital Infantil M. Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria; Carlos Pipaón González, a researcher with Fanconi anemia, the Molecular Genetics Unit, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla; Roberto Zarrabeitia Bridge, a researcher with Rendu Osler Medical Service Internal HHT Unit, Hospital Sierrallana.

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Fostering participatory processes with associations of patients and persons with disabilities advisory committee participation

The OSPC believes that public health knowledge must be built with contributions from all sectors and citizens, and ultimately be owned by everyone. Open participatory processes citizen is how to ensure that integrate public health issues of concern to citizens and that it is understood and helped to build. The Health Planning Act Cantabria 7 / 2002 , Title III of "Citizens in the Autonomous System Health", reflects that "participation in the formulation of health policy and in its control, is a right of the citizen and society in general, social value, a guarantee of stability and an instrument for cooperation and information Cantabria Public Health System. "

Participation is not an option for public authorities but "a right, a human need and a prerequisite for the implementation of public policy and community intervention programs (Giménez C, 2002) [1]

" Participation ... is to be present in, be part of, be taken into account and, get involved, participate in, etc. Participate is to affect, influence, responsibility. Participation is a process that necessarily refers to the subjects and groups, the participation of someone on something related to that one with the others also involved. Being a participant means being co-agent, partner, cooperating, co-author, co "(Carlos Gimenez 2002)
Since joining
AMICA OSPC Advisory Committee, he has held several meetings with associations of patients and people with disabilities who have contributed to the widening of participation in the Committee through the federations and CERMI COCEMFE.

These meetings stressed that kept the OSPC the Health Commission for COCEMFE learn about the health needs and priorities of the Federation of People with Physical and Organic , consisting of 18 associations of non- lucrative. Participating in this meeting: 1. ALCER Cantabria-Association for the Control of Kidney Disease; 2. Cántabra Association of Patients with Fibromyalgia 3. AMICA 4. ACADE-Cantabrian Association Scleroderma Affected 5. ACD-Cantabrian Diabetes Association 6. Aldeco, Lupus Association of Cantabria, 7. ACFQ-Cystic Fibrosis Association of Cantabria, and 8. NF Cantabria, Cantabria for the Neurofibromatosis Association. View topic in Focus section.

addition this year we met with FESCO (Deaf Federation of Cantabria), with ONCE (National Organization of Blind of Spain), Cantabria CERMI (Entities Committee of Representatives of People with Disabilities in Cantabria) that includes all the above. CERMI was established in 2001 and seven years later brings to 90% of organizations of persons with disabilities in Cantabria (35 organizations) for the rights and interests of their members and family.

In April 2008, the OSPC organized a discussion group in the framework of the Evaluation Action Plan: 2004-2007 Women's Health , the Government of Cantabria order to gather opinions and suggestions women participants patient associations (Association of People Affected Cántabra Scleroderma, Lupus Association of Cantabria, Cántabra Association of Patients with Fibromyalgia, Multiple Sclerosis Association of Cantabria, Cantabria for the Neurofibromatosis Association) and associations of people with physical, mental, intellectual and sensory (AMICA, FESC, ONCE), all affiliates COCEMFE and therefore of CERMI . The results of this discussion group will be reported to the participating groups and individuals and associations concerned, once it is published Assessment of Health Plan for Women. ________________

[1] C. Giménez The community revitalization in the area of \u200b\u200bimmigration. Notes and proposals on participation, mediation and co-development "in The Social Exclusion Theory and Practice of Intervention. Coordinators: José María Silvina Rubio and Monteros. Editorial CCS. Madrid, 2002.

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The Advisory Committee is a body OSPC participation, whose function is to bring scientific rigor and humanistic, OSPC support the team in making decisions about its strategic lines of action . The Committee is composed of specialists and persons relevant to the field of public health, both of Cantabria as other CCAA and state level with a variety of profiles and perspectives, including researchers, service managers, professionals, members of trade associations and representatives of the people.

The continuous OSPC encouraging participation of patient organizations and people with disabilities , which began to integrate the Advisory Committee since November 2007, acting AMICA, the Association of Cantabria people with disabilities and CERMI COCEMFE federations and associations representing the collective Cantabrian of patients and people with disabilities.
To date, the OSPC has met three times with the Advisory Committee. From the First Meeting held on March 27, 2007, and which were submitted for advice the results of the Phase I development OSPC and draft Action Plan 2007-2010, the majority of members of the Committee have been advising and OSPC collaborating regularly with their specific areas of expertise.

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Training activities prior

The OSPC has among its objectives uptake of training needs in areas relevant to public health and the contribution to the ongoing training of health personnel and other disciplines involved in public health in Cantabria. In this regard in the past year have made the following seminars and courses:

• Introductory Course Qualitative Health Research and Applications: This course conducted in late 2007, began a series training initiatives that are based on an initial identification of training needs in health research in the region, carried out by the OSPC in collaboration with the Centre for Women's Health of the Ministry of Health in January 2007. From the same and the views expressed by a variety of health professionals and social workers interviewed during the design development phase of public health observatory, the OSPC has sought to promote multidisciplinary qualitative research on health through the training in this field have not addressed in Cantabria, as stated in the Action Plan of OSPC 2007-2010.

• Intermediate Course Qualitative Health Research and Applications: This course has been developed in the months of May and June was defined based on the interests and needs of participants in the previous edition. The same was intended not only to consolidate the methodological knowledge acquired in the introductory course but also to apply techniques through specific case studies with different designs and methodological approaches. Both courses were given by renowned researchers in the field of qualitative research and health: Cristina Santamarina, Sociologist, Director Professor of CIMOP Communication, Image and Public Opinion, Fernando Conde Sociologist and Social Research, Director of CIMOP , and Milagros Ramasco, Sociologist, Degree in Nursing, Master of Public Health, Prof. University of Madrid partner. General Directorate of Public Health and Food. Department of Health, Madrid. In the last edition was well as collaboration with Fanny Ribes Cot, director of the Marquesa de Pelayo Library , Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla .

• Seminar on Gender differences in cardiovascular health held the Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, on 24 June by the Dr Izabella Rohlfs, Planning Unit CatSalut Girona Health Region, who presented on "Gender and Health. Ischemic heart disease as a paradigm ", and Dr. Juan Francisco Nistal Herrera, Cardiovascular Surgery Department, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, speaking of the "Gender differences in left ventricular hypertrophy induced by pressure overload in aortic stenosis."

• Conference: Weaving networks towards an integrated approach to gender violence, a Brazilian experience , by Rebecca Rohlfs Barbosa, a psychologist, director of the Institute Albam of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The conference was held on May 28 in celebration of International Women's Health.

• Seminar on Analysis quantitative data on gender-sensitive health held on March 11, by Maica Rodríguez-Sanz, Technical and Public Health researcher Public Health Agency of Barcelona . The aim of the seminar was to introduce gender analysis as a multidimensional concept (cultural, social, psychological) and as a relational category that takes into account both women and men.